Planetary Awareness: The planetary boundaries framework
The planetary boundaries were developed by the Stockholm Resilience Center to show that nine planetary boundaries maintain the current stable living condition that allows civilization to thrive. Six of the nine planetary boundaries have crossed beyond the safe operating space — including freshwater use, climate change, biosphere integrity, land-system change, novel entities, and biochemical flows.
Essentially, this means humanity is pushing the Earth's natural systems beyond their safe operating limits, potentially leading to irreversible and catastrophic environmental changes.
Textile and apparel, and agrifood industries’ pushing boundaries beyond the safe operating space
The textile and apparel, and agrifood industries combined emit up to 44% of global greenhouse gas emissions —where the textile and apparel industry is estimated to emit up to 10%, and the agrifood industry emits between 26% to 34% of total global emissions — it makes these two industries one of the most significant contributors to climate change.
Apart from greenhouse gas emissions, the textile and apparel, and agrifood industries contribute to the following environmental problems:
- Chemical pollution and excessive use of fertilizers (phosphorus and nitrogen)
- Freshwater use in the cultivation of cash crops (such as cotton), food crops, and throughout both industries’ value chains.
- Land-system change by converting forests, wetlands, grasslands, and other vegetation types into agricultural uses.
- Biodiversity loss from habitat destruction associated with land-system change.
- Release of novel entities such as pesticides, antibiotics, micro/nano plastics.
All these environmental issues can lead to a systemic ecosystem change that reduces society’s resilience to climate change.